Early testing can help prevent the development of ovarian cancer

Dr Angela Rai, The London General Practice

Ovarian Cancer is the 6th most common cancer in females in the UK. This cancer arises from the ovaries, which are part of the female reproductive system and are on each side of the womb. This cancer tends to affect women over the age of 50, although it can affect younger women as well. The earlier the diagnosis of ovarian cancer the better the chance of cure.

The survival rate for ovarian cancer is strongly related to the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and abdomen.

Late stage ovarian cancer is more difficult to treat. When the cancer is in early stage and confined to the ovary it is more likely to be treated successfully.

The risk of ovarian cancer is increased by factors such as a family history, breast cancer, endometriosis, smoking, hormone replacement therapy and being overweight.

Common symptoms of ovarian cancer include feeling bloated, swelling of the abdomen, pelvic or abdominal pain, feeling full quickly after eating and passing urine more urgently or more frequently. Some of these symptoms can also be present in other conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome so can be difficult to recognise.

Other symptoms of cancer may include weight loss, loss of appetite, change of bowel habits and fatigue. If you have any concerns regarding any of these symptoms you should discuss them with your GP immediately.

Diagnosis will involve seeing your GP and having an examination. You may require imaging such as ultrasound, CT or MRI scans.

Treatment of ovarian cancer may result in surgery and chemotherapy. Surgery involves removing the ovaries and fallopian tubes. If the cancer is more extensive the womb may also be removed alongside any affected lymph nodes.